English Literature, Poetry, T S Eliot.pdf _TOP_
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``The Life and Works of T.S. Eliot: A Modernist Master of Poetry``
``T.S. Eliot was one of the most influential poets of the 20th century, whose works shaped the modernist movement in literature and culture. Born in St. Louis, Missouri, in 1888, he moved to England in 1914 and became a British citizen in 1927. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1948 and the Order of Merit in 1948.``
``Eliot's poetry is characterized by his innovative use of language, style, and versification, as well as his exploration of themes such as alienation, disillusionment, religion, and history. Some of his most famous poems include "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" (1915), "The Waste Land" (1922), "The Hollow Men" (1925), "Ash Wednesday" (1930), and "Four Quartets" (1943). He also wrote plays, such as "Murder in the Cathedral" (1935) and "The Cocktail Party" (1949), and essays on literary criticism, such as "Tradition and the Individual Talent" (1919) and "The Metaphysical Poets" (1921).``
``Eliot's poetry has had a lasting impact on the development of English literature and culture, as well as on other poets and writers around the world. His poems have been translated into many languages and adapted into various forms of art, such as music, film, and theatre. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest poets of all time.``
``Eliot received a comprehensive education at Harvard University, where he studied philosophy, literature, and languages. He also spent a year at the Sorbonne in Paris and another year at Merton College, Oxford. He was influenced by various thinkers and writers, such as Arthur Schopenhauer, F.H. Bradley, Henri Bergson, Jules Laforgue, Ezra Pound, and T.E. Hulme.``
``In 1915, Eliot married Vivienne Haigh-Wood, a British governess and writer. Their marriage was unhappy and troubled by Vivienne's physical and mental health problems. They separated in 1933 and Vivienne was committed to a mental hospital in 1938. She died in 1947. Eliot did not attend her funeral or acknowledge her death publicly. He later remarried to Valerie Fletcher, his secretary at Faber & Faber, in 1957.``
``Eliot worked as a teacher, a bank clerk, and an editor for various magazines and publishers. He founded his own literary journal, The Criterion, in 1922 and edited it until 1939. He also became a director of Faber & Faber in 1925 and remained there for the rest of his life. He was a prominent figure in the literary and cultural scene of London and Europe, befriending and collaborating with many writers and artists, such as Virginia Woolf, James Joyce, W.B. Yeats, D.H. Lawrence, Igor Stravinsky, and Pablo Picasso.``
``Eliot's poetic career can be divided into four phases: the early poems, influenced by French symbolism and imagism; the modernist masterpieces, such as The Waste Land and The Hollow Men, marked by fragmentation, allusion, and cultural pessimism; the religious poems, such as Ash Wednesday and Four Quartets, reflecting his conversion to Anglo-Catholicism in 1927; and the late poems, such as The Elder Statesman and The Rock, expressing his social and political conservatism.``
``Eliot's poetry is rich in literary and cultural references, drawing from various sources such as mythology, philosophy, theology, art, music, and literature. He also experimented with different forms and techniques, such as free verse, blank verse, quatrains, tercets, dramatic monologues, choruses, and collage. He aimed to create a new poetic language that could capture the complexity and chaos of the modern world, as well as the timeless and universal aspects of human experience.``
``Eliot's poetry has been widely praised for its originality, depth, and power. It has also been criticized for its obscurity, elitism, and misogyny. Some of his poems have been accused of being anti-Semitic, racist, or fascist. Eliot himself acknowledged that his poetry was not meant for everyone, but for those who shared his sensibility and education. He also def